NAME
urtwn —
Realtek
RTL8188CU/RTL8188RU/RTL8188EU/RTL8192CU USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless
network device
SYNOPSIS
To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines in your kernel configuration file:
device ehci
device uhci
device ohci
device usb
device urtwn
device wlanAlternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the following line in loader.conf(5):
if_urtwn_load="YES"
In both cases, place the following line in loader.conf(5) to acknowledge the firmware license (see below):
legal.realtek.license_ack=1
DESCRIPTION
Theurtwn driver supports USB 2.0 wireless network
devices based on Realtek RTL8188CUS, RTL8188CE-VAU, RTL8188EUS, RTL8188RU and
RTL8192CU chipsets.
The RTL8188CUS and RTL8188EUS are highly integrated 802.11n adapters that combine a MAC, a 1T1R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. They operate in the 2GHz spectrum only. The RTL8188RU is a high-power variant of the RTL8188CUS. The RTL8188CE-VAU is a PCI Express Mini Card adapter that attaches to the USB interface.
The RTL8192CU is a highly integrated multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) 802.11n adapter that combines a MAC, a 2T2R capable baseband and an RF in a single chip. It operates in the 2GHz spectrum only.
This driver requires the firmware built with the urtwnfw(4) module to work. For the loaded firmware to be enabled for use the license at /usr/share/doc/legal/realtek/LICENSE must be agreed to by adding the following line to loader.conf(5):
legal.realtek.license_ack=1FILES
- /usr/share/doc/legal/realtek/LICENSE
urtwnfirmware license
HARDWARE
The urtwn driver supports Realtek
RTL8188CU/RTL8188RU/RTL8188EU/RTL8192CU based USB IEEE 802.11b/g/n wireless
network adapters, including:
- Adafruit USB WiFi (802.11b/g/n) Module
- Alfa AWUS036NHR v2
- ASUS USB-N10 NANO
- Belkin F7D1102 Surf Wireless Micro
- D-Link DWA-123 rev D1
- D-Link DWA-125 rev D1
- D-Link DWA-131
- Edimax EW-7811Un
- Elecom WDC-150SU2M
- Netgear WNA1000M
- Realtek RTL8192CU
- Realtek RTL8188CUS
- TP-LINK TL-WN723N v3
- TP-LINK TL-WN725N v2
EXAMPLES
Join an existing BSS network (i.e., connect to an access point):
ifconfig wlan create wlandev urtwn0 inet 192.168.0.20 \
netmask 0xffffff00
Join a specific BSS network with network name
“my_net”:
ifconfig wlan create wlandev urtwn0
ssid my_net upJoin a specific BSS network with 64-bit WEP encryption:
ifconfig wlan create wlandev urtwn0 ssid my_net \
wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890 weptxkey 1 up
DIAGNOSTICS
- urtwn%d: error %d, could not read firmware %s
- For some reason, the driver was unable to read the microcode file from the filesystem. The file might be missing or corrupted.
- urtwn%d: device timeout
- A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. The driver will reset the hardware. This should not happen.
SEE ALSO
ifmedia(4), intro(4), netintro(4), urtwnfw(4), usb(4), wlan(4), wlan_ccmp(4), wlan_tkip(4), wlan_wep(4), ifconfig(8), wpa_supplicant(8)
Realtek, http://www.realtek.com.tw.
HISTORY
The urtwn driver first appeared in
OpenBSD 4.9 and FreeBSD
10.0.
AUTHORS
The urtwn driver was written by
Damien Bergamini
<damien@openbsd.org>.
CAVEATS
The urtwn driver does not support any of
the 802.11n capabilities offered by the adapters.