NAME
mlock
, munlock
— lock (unlock) physical pages
in memory
LIBRARY
library “libc”
SYNOPSIS
#include
<sys/mman.h>
int
mlock
(void
*addr, size_t
len);
int
munlock
(void
*addr, size_t
len);
DESCRIPTION
Themlock
system call locks into memory the physical
pages associated with the virtual address range starting at
addr for len bytes. The
munlock
call unlocks pages previously locked by one or
more mlock
calls. The entire range of memory must be
allocated.
After an mlock
call, the indicated pages
will cause neither a non-resident page nor address-translation fault until
they are unlocked. They may still cause protection-violation faults or
TLB-miss faults on architectures with software-managed TLBs. The physical
pages remain in memory until all locked mappings for the pages are removed.
Multiple processes may have the same physical pages locked via their own
virtual address mappings. A single process may likewise have pages
multiply-locked via different virtual mappings of the same pages or via
nested mlock
calls on the same address range.
Unlocking is performed explicitly by munlock
or
implicitly by a call to munmap
which deallocates the
unmapped address range. Locked mappings are not inherited by the child
process after a fork(2).
Since physical memory is a potentially scarce resource, processes
are limited in how much they can lock down. A single process can
mlock
the minimum of a system-wide ``wired pages''
limit and the per-process RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
resource
limit.
Portable code should ensure that the addr and len parameters are aligned to a multiple of the page size, even though the NetBSD implementation will round as necessary.
RETURN VALUES
A return value of 0 indicates that the call succeeded and all pages in the range have either been locked or unlocked. A return value of -1 indicates an error occurred and the locked status of all pages in the range remains unchanged. In this case, the global location errno is set to indicate the error.
ERRORS
mlock
() will fail if:
- [
EAGAIN
] - Locking the indicated range would exceed either the system or per-process limit for locked memory.
- [
EINVAL
] - The address or length given is not page aligned and the implementation does not round.
- [
ENOMEM
] - Some portion of the indicated address range is not allocated. There was an error faulting/mapping a page.
- [
EPERM
] mlock
() was called by non-root on an architecture where locked page accounting is not implemented.
munlock
() will fail if:
- [
EINVAL
] - The address or length given is not page aligned and the implementation does not round.
- [
ENOMEM
] - Some portion of the indicated address range is not allocated. Some portion of the indicated address range is not locked.
SEE ALSO
fork(2), mincore(2), mmap(2), munmap(2), setrlimit(2), getpagesize(3)
STANDARDS
The mlock
() and
munlock
() functions conform to IEEE
Std 1003.1b-1993 (“POSIX.1b”).
HISTORY
The mlock
() and
munlock
() functions first appeared in
4.4BSD.
BUGS
The per-process resource limit is a limit on the amount of virtual memory locked, while the system-wide limit is for the number of locked physical pages. Hence a process with two distinct locked mappings of the same physical page counts as 2 pages against the per-process limit and as only a single page in the system limit.