NAME
last
—
indicate last logins of users and
ttys
SYNOPSIS
last |
[- n]
[-nTx ] [-f
file] [-H
hostsize] [-h
host] [-L
linesize] [-N
namesize] [-t
tty] [user ...] |
DESCRIPTION
last
will list the sessions of specified
users, ttys, and
hosts, in reverse time order. Each line of output
contains the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any
hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration of the
session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by a crash or
shutdown, last
will so indicate.
The following options are available:
-
n- Limits the report to n lines.
-f
filelast
reads the file file instead of the default, /var/log/wtmpx or /var/log/wtmp. If the file ends with ‘x’, it is treated as a utmpx(5) format file, else it is treated as a utmp(5) format file. If the file is ``-'', standard input is used.-H
hostsize- Use the provided hostsize as the width to format the host name field.
-h
host- Host names may be names or internet numbers.
-L
linesize- Use the provided linesize as the width to format the tty field.
-N
namesize- Use the provided namesize as the width to format the login name field.
-n
- Print host addresses numerically. This option works only on wtmpx(5) entries, and prints nothing on wtmp(5) entries.
-T
- Display better time information, including the year and seconds.
-t
tty- Specify the tty. Tty names may be given fully or
abbreviated, for example, “
last -t 03
” is equivalent to “last -t tty03
”. -x
- Assume that the file given is in wtmpx(5) format, even if the filename does not end with an ‘x’. Also useful when reading such format from standard input.
If multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to
any of the arguments is printed, e.g., “last root -t
console
” would list all of
“root
's” sessions as well as all
sessions on the console terminal. If no users, hostnames, or terminals are
specified, last
prints a record of all logins and
logouts.
The pseudo-user reboot logs in at reboots of
the system, thus “last reboot
” will
give an indication of mean time between reboot.
If last
is interrupted, it indicates to
what date the search has progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal
last
indicates how far the search has progressed and
then continues.
FILES
- /var/log/wtmp
- login data base
- /var/log/wtmpx
- login data base
SEE ALSO
HISTORY
last
appeared in
1BSD.