NAME
fsck —
file system consistency check and
interactive repair
SYNOPSIS
fsck |
[-dfnPpqvy] [-l
maxparallel] [-T
fstype:fsoptions] [-t
fstype] [-x
mountpoint] [special | node ...] |
DESCRIPTION
Thefsck command invokes file system-specific programs
to check the special devices listed in the
fstab(5) file or in the command line for consistency.
It is normally used in the script /etc/rc
during automatic reboot. If no file systems are specified, and
“preen” mode is enabled ( -p option)
fsck reads the table
/etc/fstab to determine which file systems to check,
in what order. Only partitions in fstab that are mounted ``rw,'' ``rq'' or
``ro'' and that have non-zero pass number are checked. File systems with
pass number 1 (normally just the root file system) are checked one at a
time. When pass 1 completes, all remaining file systems are checked, running
one process per disk drive. By default, file systems which are already
mounted read-write are not checked. The disk drive containing each file
system is inferred from the longest prefix of the device name that ends in a
digit; the remaining characters are assumed to be the partition
designator.
The options are as follows:
-d- Debugging mode. Just print the commands without executing them.
-f- Force checking of file systems, even when they are marked clean (for file systems that support this), or when they are mounted read-write.
-lmaxparallel- Limit the number of parallel checks to the number specified in the following argument. By default, the limit is the number of disks, running one process per disk. If a smaller limit is given, the disks are checked round-robin, one file system at a time.
-n- Causes
fsckto assume no as the answer to all operator questions, except "CONTINUE?". -P- Display a progress meter for each file system check. This option also disables parallel checking. Note that progress meters are not supported by all file system types.
-p- Enter preen mode. In preen mode,
fsckwill check all file systems listed in /etc/fstab according to their pass number, and will make minor repairs without human intervention. -q- Quiet mode, do not output any messages for clean file systems.
-Tfstype:fsoptions- List of comma separated file system specific options for the specified file system type, in the same format as mount(8).
-tfstype- Invoke
fsckonly for the comma separated list of file system types. If the list starts with “no” then invokefsckfor the file system types that are not specified in the list. -v- Print the commands before executing them.
-xmountpoint- Exclude the file system which has a mountpoint the same as in /etc/fstab. Used only in “preen” mode.
-y- Causes
fsckto assume yes as the answer to all operator questions.
FILES
- /etc/fstab
- file system table
EXIT STATUS
fsck exits with 0
on success. Any major problems will cause fsck to
exit with the following non-zero
exit(3) codes, so as to alert any invoking program or script that
human intervention is required.
1- Usage problem.
2- Unresolved errors while checking the file system. Re-running
fsckon the file system(s) is required. 4- The root file system was changed in the process of checking, and updating the mount was unsuccessful. A reboot (without sync) is required.
8- The file system check has failed, and a subsequent check is required that will require human intervention.
12fsckexited because of the result of a signal (usuallySIGINTorSIGQUITfrom the terminal).
SEE ALSO
fstab(5), fsck_ext2fs(8), fsck_ffs(8), fsck_lfs(8), fsck_msdos(8), mount(8)
HISTORY
A fsck utility appeared in
4.0BSD. It was reimplemented as a file system
independent wrapper in NetBSD 1.3. The original file
system specific utility became
fsck_ffs(8) at this point.