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LINK(2) System Calls Manual LINK(2)

link — make a hard file link

#include <unistd.h>

int
link(const char *name1, const char *name2);

The () function call atomically creates the specified directory entry (hard link) name2 with the attributes of the underlying object pointed at by name1 If the link is successful: the link count of the underlying object is incremented; name1 and name2 share equal access and rights to the underlying object.

If name1 is removed, the file name2 is not deleted and the link count of the underlying object is decremented.

Name1 must exist for the hard link to succeed and both name1 and name2 must be in the same file system. Unless the caller is the super-user, name1 may not be a directory.

Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and errno is set to indicate the error.

Link() will fail and no link will be created if:

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A component of either path prefix is not a directory.
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Either pathname contains a character with the high-order bit set.
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A component of either pathname exceeded 255 characters, or entire length of either path name exceeded 1023 characters.
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A component of either path prefix does not exist.
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A component of either path prefix denies search permission.
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The requested link requires writing in a directory with a mode that denies write permission.
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Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating one of the pathnames.
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The file named by name1 does not exist.
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The link named by name2 does exist.
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The file named by name1 is a directory and the effective user ID is not super-user.
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The link named by name2 and the file named by name1 are on different file systems.
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The directory in which the entry for the new link is being placed cannot be extended because there is no space left on the file system containing the directory.
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The directory in which the entry for the new link is being placed cannot be extended because the user's quota of disk blocks on the file system containing the directory has been exhausted.
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An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system to make the directory entry.
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The requested link requires writing in a directory on a read-only file system.
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One of the pathnames specified is outside the process's allocated address space.

symlink(2), unlink(2)

Link() is expected to conform to IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 (“POSIX”).

BSD 4 January 12, 1994 LINK(2)