NAME
chown
—
change file owner and group
SYNOPSIS
chown |
[-fhvx ] [-R
[-H | -L |
-P ]]
owner[:group]
file ... |
chown |
[-fhvx ] [-R
[-H | -L |
-P ]] :group
file ... |
DESCRIPTION
Thechown
utility changes the user ID and/or the group
ID of the specified files. Symbolic links named by arguments are silently left
unchanged unless -h
is used.
The options are as follows:
-H
- If the
-R
option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed and hence unaffected by the command. (Symbolic links encountered during traversal are not followed.) -L
- If the
-R
option is specified, all symbolic links are followed. -P
- If the
-R
option is specified, no symbolic links are followed. This is the default. -R
- Change the user ID and/or the group ID of the file hierarchies rooted in
the files, instead of just the files themselves. Beware of unintentionally
matching the “..” hard link to the
parent directory when using wildcards like
“
.*
”. -f
- Do not report any failure to change file owner or group, nor modify the exit status to reflect such failures.
-h
- If the file is a symbolic link, change the user ID and/or the group ID of the link itself.
-v
- Cause
chown
to be verbose, showing files as the owner is modified. If the-v
flag is specified more than once,chown
will print the filename, followed by the old and new numeric user/group ID. -x
- File system mount points are not traversed.
The -H
, -L
and
-P
options are ignored unless the
-R
option is specified. In addition, these options
override each other and the command's actions are determined by the last one
specified.
The owner and group operands are both optional, however, one must be specified. If the group operand is specified, it must be preceded by a colon (``:'') character.
The owner may be either a numeric user ID or a user name. If a user name is also a numeric user ID, the operand is used as a user name. The group may be either a numeric group ID or a group name. If a group name is also a numeric group ID, the operand is used as a group name.
The ownership of a file may only be altered by a super-user for obvious security reasons.
EXIT STATUS
The chown
utility exits 0 on
success, and >0 if an error occurs.
COMPATIBILITY
Previous versions of the chown
utility
used the dot (``.'') character to distinguish the group name. This has been
changed to be a colon (``:'') character so that user and group names may
contain the dot character.
On previous versions of this system, symbolic links did not have owners.
The -v
and -x
options are non-standard and their use in scripts is not recommended.
SEE ALSO
STANDARDS
The chown
utility is expected to be
IEEE Std 1003.2 (“POSIX.2”)
compliant.
HISTORY
A chown
utility appeared in
Version 1 AT&T UNIX.